Yoga and meditation are related practices, but they are not the same thing. Yoga is a comprehensive system that includes physical postures (asanas), breath control (pranayama), meditation (dhyana), ethical principles (yamas and niyamas), and other elements. It is a holistic approach to physical, mental, and spiritual well-being.
Within the practice of yoga, meditation is one of the key components. Meditation in yoga is often referred to as "dhyana" and involves focusing the mind, cultivating mindfulness, and achieving a state of deep relaxation and inner stillness. It is a practice of observing the mind and its fluctuations, and ultimately transcending the ordinary thinking patterns.
Yoga asanas (postures) are often used as a preparation for meditation. By practicing the physical postures and focusing on the breath, the body becomes more relaxed and the mind becomes more centered and focused. This creates a conducive environment for meditation.
However, it's important to note that yoga goes beyond meditation. It encompasses a broader range of practices and principles aimed at integrating the body, mind, and spirit. Yoga also emphasizes ethical living, self-discipline, and self-awareness. While meditation is an important aspect of yoga, it is not the only element.
In summary, yoga includes meditation as one of its practices, but it also encompasses a wider system of physical, mental, and spiritual development. Meditation can be seen as a specific aspect of yoga, focusing on the cultivation of a calm and focused mind.